Bladder Cancer

What is Bladder cancer?

Bladder is an important organ which store urine. When incorporated growths or tumor on bladder lining occurs then it is called bladder cancer.

Sign and Symptoms:

• Dysuria (Discomfort during urination)
• Frequency and Urgency
• Hematuria (blood in Urine)
• Dropping of urine always.
• Weight loss

Diagnosis:

• Cystoscopy (EUA)
• Urine R/M/E and other baselines
• Abdominal CT scan
• Chest CT scan and Brain MRI (in case of Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer)
• Biopsy (confirmatory)
• FDG PET CT ( >cT3 and selected case of cT2)
• Germ line testing if age <45 years and or family history of colon/endometrial cancer

Treatment Options:

• Chemotherapy (Systemic and Intravesical)
• Radiotherapy
• Surgery (TURBT, Cystectomy)
• Immunotherapy
• Intravesical BCG

What are the risk factors:

• Obesity
• Family history
• Chemical workers specially who deals with aromatic amines and Poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
• Genetic mutation
• Smoking
• Previous Radiotherapy along this area
• Long standing bladder inflammation or infection.
• Male and older age

Prevention:

• Don’t drink Alcohol
• Special caution for whom work on chemical factory.
• Regular exercise
• Healthy diet
• Cessation of smoking/Don’t smoke.